If the goal is to reduce the extent of tax evasion, it is necessary to address the root causes of tax evasion. The results of these studies have policy implications. Participants were asked to select a number from 1 to 7 to indicate the extent of their agreement with each statement, where 1 = strongly agree and 7 = strongly disagree. The survey instrument consisted of (usually) 18 statements that began with the phrase, "Tax evasion is ethical if …". This paper summarizes the results of more than 70 surveys that solicited the opinions of many people in different countries on their views of the justifiability of tax evasion. The present study aims to partially fill that gap in the tax evasion literature. The surveys did not ask participants the reasons for their answers, leaving readers to guess what their reasons might be. However, those surveys only gathered information about their attitudes toward justifying tax evasion. Numerous studies citing these surveys have been published. Various World Values Surveys have solicited the views on tens of thousands of people regarding their views on the ethics of tax evasion.
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